Academy of Management Journal STYLE GUIDE for AUTHORS

௠ Academy of Management Journal 2014, Vol. 57, No. 5, 1. Academy of Management Journal STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS For information about desired content, length of ing information should NOT be included with a submissions, and how to submit manuscripts, paper submitted for review. please see “Information for Contributors” (on the Abstract. An abstract of no more than 200 words AMJ Web site at http://aom.org/Publications/AMJ/ and the title of the work go on page 2. Information-for-Contributors.aspx). For “Style Guide for Authors” on the Web, see Back Pages http://aom.org/uploadedFiles/Publications/AMJ/ AMJ_Style%20Guide_Aug%202014.pdf. Group references and any appendixes, tables, and figures at the end of your manuscript. Continue your page numbering. Manuscript Submission and Format Headings and Sections Submit manuscripts to AMJ’s online submission and review website, ScholarOne Manuscripts, at AMJ uses only three levels of headings. Use bold- http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/amj. face for all three. Main headings (all capital letters; Please use Times Roman 12-point type and the centered) are first. Second-level headings (title-style 8 1⁄2 ϫ 11 page setting. The document should be letters; flush left) are next. Third-level headings (first double spaced throughout; place page numbers in letter of first word capitalized; indented; italicized; the upper-right corner; and leave top and side mar- and run into paragraph) are next. gins of at least one inch. Don’t skip steps: no second-level headings before you use a first-level heading, for instance. Use sec- ond- and third-level headings in sets of two or Publication of Accepted Articles more. Examples: Accepted papers are copy-edited. Authors re- view edits in page proofs. AMJ’s production team METHODS [1st level] will contact you immediately after the Editor in Data and Sample [2nd level] Chief assigns your work to an issue. If your work is accepted, please keep the Manag- Measures [2nd level] ing Editor ([email protected]) informed of Independent variable. [3rd level] changes of address and long absences. Dependent variables. [3rd level] Front Pages Footnotes Address. For final versions of Accepted manu- Use footnotes placed on their respective pages scripts only, a title page should be added (this is (not endnotes). not included with submissions under review). Un- der the title of your work, list authors’ names, uni- Hypotheses versity affiliations (university names only, NOT de- Fully and separately state each hypothesis you partments), and complete addresses. Example: tested separately. Phrase it in the present tense. AN EXCELLENT STUDY Give it a distinct number (Hypothesis 1) or number- A. A. MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR letter (Hypothesis 1a) label. Set hypotheses off in Current University indented blocks, in italic type. Examples: Building and/or Street City, State, Zip Code Hypothesis 1a. Concise writing has a positive relation- Tel: (000) 000-0000 ship to publication. Fax: (000) 000-0000 Hypothesis 1b. Following AMJ’s “Style Guide for Au- e-mail: [email protected] thors” has a positive relationship to publication. Language Acknowledgment. If you wish to acknowledge financial support or other assistance, add a note at Technical terms. Help your work to be accessible the bottom of your title page. This applies ONLY to to AMJ’s wide-ranging readership. Define key techni- Accepted papers. A title page with author-identify- cal terms. A technical term is a word or phrase that is 1 Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved. Contents may not be copied, emailed, posted to a listserv, or otherwise transmitted without the copyright holder’s express written permission. Users may print, download or email articles for individual use only. 2 Academy of Management Journal October not in a general-use dictionary with the meaning you Third person (less desirable)—The author developed (or even you and other published scholars) ascribe to three new items. it. Put quotation marks around the first appearance in First person (more desirable)—I developed three new your paper of each technical term, or define it. items. Abbreviations. Avoid using abbreviations for the Anthropomorphism. Do not describe inanimate names of concepts. Use ordinary words for variable entities (models, theories, firms, and so forth) as names—not code names or other abbreviations. Use acting in ways only humans can act. the same name for a variable throughout your text, tables, figures, and appendixes. Names of organizations and research instruments Appendixes may be abbreviated, but give the full name the first time you mention one of these. Names of software Present long but essential methodological de- and some databases may be abbreviated. tails, such as the calculation of measures, in an appendix or appendixes. Be concise. Reporting math. Do not “talk in math” in regular Avoid exact reproductions of surveys. text. Use words. For instance, “We surveyed 100 em- Label appendixes “APPENDIX A,” “APPENDIX ployees,” not “We surveyed n ϭ 100 employees.” B,” and so forth. A substantive title, such as “Items Do use symbols and numbers to report results in Scales,” should follow. Label tables within ap- and give formulas. Italicize letters that are custom- pendixes “Table A1,” “B1,” and so forth. arily italicized (e.g., p, r, b, F, Z). Use boldface italic for vectors. Put spaces on either side of equals signs, minus signs, etc. Tables and Figures Illustrative results within text go in parentheses. Introduce them with complete sentences. Example: Look at tables and figures in published issues of AMJ to see preferred formats. Write to the copy editor if you One coefficient for the interaction was significant (model 3: ␤ ϭ 0.06, p Ͻ .05; model 5: ␤ ϭ 1.06). have questions. Use as many pages as you need to create tables and figures that match our formats. Present equations either in your running text or The preferred format for regular tables is Mi- displayed. Examples: crosoft Word; however, WordPerfect and Acrobat Run-in equation—We used Craig’s (1992: 20) distance PDF are also acceptable. Note that a straight Excel formula (d ϭ xyz). file is not currently an acceptable format. Excel Displayed equation— files should be converted to a Word or PDF docu- ment before being uploaded. Tables that contain Ϫ␭( xt)␭ yt [e (Xt) ] artwork or graphics must be submitted as illustra- Pr(Y ϭ y x ) ϭ , (1) t t t Yt! tions in an acceptable format. Tables should be formatted as follows. Arrange where Yt is. the data so that columns of like material read Define each new term in all equations. down, not across. The headings should be suffi- ciently clear so that the meaning of the data is Sexist or biased language. Avoid language that understandable without reference to the text. Ta- might be interpreted as denigrating. Do not use bles should have titles and sufficient experimental “he” or “she” exclusively. Using the plural— detail in a legend immediately following the title to changing “the manager . he” to “managers . be understandable without reference to the text. they”—is one solution; using “he or she” (“him or Each column in a table must have a heading, and her”) is another. abbreviations, when necessary, should be defined Active voice and first person. Write in the active in the legend or footnote. voice (“They did it”) instead of the passive voice Number tables and figures consecutively (one se- (“It was done”) to make it easy for readers to see ries for tables, one for figures). Place them at the who did what. Use the first person (“I” or “we”) to end of your manuscript, but indicate the position of describe what you, or you and your coauthors, did. each in the text as follows: Examples: ------------------------------------ Insert Table 2 about here Passive (less desirable)—Two items were found to lack ------------------------------------ factor validity by Earley (1989). Active (more desirable)—Earley (1989) found that two Each table or figure needs an introductory sentence items lacked factor validity. in your text. 2014 Style Guide for Authors 3 More on tables. Use the same name for each Page numbers in citations. Use this format: variable that you use in your text. Don’t use code Writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (Lee, 1998: 3). names and abbreviations. Example: Desirable variable name—Profitability Citation with no author. For an article with no Undesirable variable name—PRFT author, cite the periodical as author. Example: Each table should report one type of analysis Periodical as author—Analysts predicted an increase in (which is identified in the title), and each vertical service jobs (Wall Street Journal, 1999). column and horizontal row should contain only For reports, handbooks, and the like, cite the “cor- one type of data. porate author” that produced them. Example: Report only two decimal places for all statistics. Place correlation coefficients in the lower-left cor- Organization as author—Analysts predict an increase in service jobs in the U.S. Industrial Outlook (U.S. Depart- ners of their tables. ment of Commerce, 1992). Use superscript small letters for table footnotes. Such sources can also be identified informally. No Significance levels go in a stack under your reg- corresponding reference will then be needed. ular table footnotes. Example: Example: † p Ͻ .10 Informal citation—According to the 1999 U.S. Industrial * p Ͻ .05 Outlook, published by the U.S. Department of Com- ** p Ͻ .01 merce, service jobs will increase. Or you may use a single lettered footnote: Electronic sources. Use a regular citation (author, a All values greater than. aresignificant at. year) if you can identify an author of one of the types discussed above (human, periodical, or cor- More on figures. Figures, unlike tables, contain porate).

IDRC - Lib L. 14 STYLE GUIDE for EDITORS and PROOFREADERS of IDRC BOOKS Distributed by IDRC Books International Development Research Centre PO Box 8500 Ottawa, ON Canada K1G 3B9 ® IDRC Books, October 1993 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE Ottawa Cairo 0 Dakar 0 Johannesburg Montevideo 0 Nairobi 9 New Delhi 0 Singapore If you have comments, corrections, or suggested additions for this style guide, please pass them, in writing, to Bill Carman Senior Science Writer/Editor IDRC Books 250 Albert Street, PO Box 8500 Ottawa, ON Canada K1G 3119 Phone: (613) 236-6163 ext. 2089 Fax: (613) 563-0815 Internet: [email protected] CONTENTS QUESTION MARK . 25 INDEX . v QUOTATION MARKS . 25 Single (`) and double (") quotes FOREWORD xv 25; IDRC rule 26; Double . quotes 26; Single quotes 26 APOSTROPHE 26 ONE WORDS 1 . - . SOLIDUS . 27 SPELLING AUTHORITY 1 . Names 27 Choice in Webster's 1; PARENTHESES AND BRACKETS 28 Exceptions to Webster's 1; Parentheses 28; Brackets 29; Words frequently misspelled 2 Braces 29 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 6 . HYPHENS AND DASHES 29 Sources 6; Variants from the . Hyphen, en dash, and em dash sources 6 29; Definitions 30; Typing ORGANIZATION NAMES 6 . hyphen and dashes 30; IDRC Official names 6; Translating style with em dash 31 organization names 7 TECHNICAL WORDS . 8 Accuracy 8; Sources 8; Plant, THREE - ONE TO NINE microorganism, and animal names AND BEYOND . 33 8 NUMBERS . 33 CONFUSED PAIRS . 10 General rule 33; Ordinal ACCENTS . 12 numbers 33; Numbers above 999 IDRC rule 12 33; Miscellaneous points on CAPITALIZATION . 13 numbers 34; Solidus (n 34 IDRC style 13 UNITS .

MHRA STYLE GUIDE FOR SCHOOL OF ENGLISH STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY VERSION ENGLISH LITERATURE PROGRAMME (Footnote Style) ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS PROGRAMME (Author Date Style) English Literature Modules What do you want to produce? A citation to be placed in a footnote A reference to a book A reference to a chapter in a book A reference to an article in a journal A bibliography entry A reference to a book A reference to a chapter in a book A reference to an article in a journal If your source is a book prepare your FOOTNOTE citation exactly as follows Joe Bray, The Epistolary Novel: Representations of Consciousness (London: Routledge, 2003), p. 30. Things to get right, in order: • Author’s name as it appears on the book’s titlepage, followed by comma and a space • Full title of the book, in italics, with capital letters where appropriate, then a space • Brackets containing the publisher data with exact punctuation as follows -- (City: Publisher, Year) • These brackets are followed by a comma, then a space • The page number of your citation displayed accurately: p. followed by a space then the number. More than one page is presented like this: pp. 230-31 • Finish footnotes with a full stop. table of contents If your source is a titled essay in a book prepare your FOOTNOTE citation exactly as follows: Sue Owen, 'The Lost Rhetoric of Liberty: Marvell and Restoration Drama', in Marvell and Liberty, ed. by W. Chernaik and M. Dzelzainis (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999), pp. 334-53 (p. 334). Things to get right, in order: • Author’s name as it appears on the essay’s titlepage, followed by comma and a space • Full title of the article, in single inverted commas, with capital letters where appropriate, then a comma and the word in • Full title of the book in italics followed by a comma and the phrase ed.

AMA CITATION STYLE GUIDE BCIT LIBRARY SERVICES | bcit.ca/library Updated August 2015 AMA Citation Style Guide | 3 When writing a research paper, it is important to cite any sources that you consult in your research and subsequently use to support the ideas that you put forth in your paper. Failure to acknowledge the use of information gathered or ideas posed by other authors, whether you directly quote them or not, may be construed as plagiarism. Plagiarism is the presentation of the ideas and/or the work of others as one’s own and is a serious offence. This guide is meant to serve an introduction to the 10th edition of the American Medical Association (AMA) citation style. For more information, see Chapter 8 in Cite right: a quick guide to citation styles by Charles Lipson (PN 171 F56 L55 2011, BCIT Library, Burnaby) or one of the many web resources that offer instruction in the use of the citation style. The AMA citation guides produced by the Library at the College of Saint Scholastica (http://libguides.css.edu/ama) and by the Library at Brescia University College (http://brescia.uwo.ca/library/ research/citation-guides/) are highly recommended resources. AMA CITATION STYLE (10TH EDITION) When using the AMA citation style, indication of and information about a cited work, piece of information or idea must appear in two places. You must insert a note within the text of your paper when you make use of a borrowed piece of information and/or idea. These notes (or in text citations) are to be numbered sequentially in the order that they appear within the text of your paper.

Style and Citation Guide Revised March 2014 This International Law Studies Style and Citation Guide sets forth the style guidelines for publications edited and published by the International Law Department (ILD), Center for Naval Warfare Studies, United States Naval War College. In general, all citations in articles as published will comport with The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (19th ed.) (Harvard Bluebook). These guidelines are draw from and complemented by The Economist Style Guide (9th ed.), The Elements of Style (4th ed.) by Strunk and White and the Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed.). ILS is privileged to receive for publication numerous articles from international scholars. Recognizing that the Harvard Bluebook is not readily available and is used only for U.S. legal publications, this style guide is intended as an aid to international authors in particular. As an additional resource, a comprehensive Citation List, comprised of commonly cited works in Harvard Bluebook format will be provided separately. ILD editors will assist in the process of ensuring that articles conform to Harvard Bluebook requirements. International authors are not expected to become Harvard Bluebook experts, but to the extent the following style and citation formats are used, it eases and expedites the editing process. Stylistic Format GRAMMAR AND SPELLING U.S. English grammar and spelling will be used for published articles. Spelling of titles, e.g., Ministry of Defence, will not be changed. ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviate with caution. Unless an abbreviation or acronym is so familiar that it is used more often than the full form (e.g., BBC, CIA, FBI, EU, IMF, NATO, WTO), write the words in full on the first appearance.

Harvard Referencing Style Guide Learning Services Guide Last updated September 2020 ehu.ac.uk/ls 1 Table of Contents Harvard Referencing Style Guide . 4 What is referencing? . 4 What is a reference? . 4 General guidance . 4 Anonymous works . 4 Alphabetical order . 4 Layout and formatting . 4 Incomplete references – no date . 4 Citations . 5 Citations (in text) .

Current Anthropology Style Guide 1 Current Anthropology Information for Authors Style Guide Please consult the Chicago Manual of Style for topics not discussed in this guide and for further information. Contents Treatment of Numbers and Math 3 General Style for Numbers 3 Ordinal Numbers 3 Fractions 3 Percentages 3 Statistics, Decimals, and Zeros 4 Currency 4 Metric Measurements 4 Radiometric Dating 5 Quotations 6 General Style for Quoted Text 6 Epigraphs 6 Citation of References in Text 7 General Principles for Citations 7 Author and Year 7 Multiple Authors for One Reference 8 String of Citations 8 Page Number with Citation 8 Figure, Table, or Note 8 Quotation with Citation 9 Unpublished Work 9 References Cited List 10 Contents 10 General Principles for References 11 Order of References 12 Alphabetization 12 Same First Author 12 Identical Authors for Subsequent References 12 Content of References 13 Author/Editor 13 Date 13 Title 14 City 14 Publisher 15 Page Numbers 16 URLs 16 Current Anthropology Style Guide 2 Examples of References 17 Books 17 Book, Single Author 17 Book, More Than One Author 17 Book, Editor as Author 17 Book Chapter 17 Book Introduction, Foreword, Etc. 17 Multivolume Book 17 Monograph Series 18 Reprinted Book, Revised/Subsequent Edition 18 Book Translation 18 Forthcoming Book or Chapter 19 Journals 20 Journal Article 20 Journal Supplement Article 20 Journal Special Issue 20 Electronic-Only Journal or Newsletter 21 Journal Article with DOI 21 Journal New Series 21 Forthcoming Journal Article 21 Other Sources 22 Dissertation or Thesis 22 Government Record or Report 22 Internet Document 22 Legal Case 23 Magazine 23 Newspaper 23 Paper Presented at a Meeting 23 Proceedings 23 Report 24 Review 24 Software 24 Software User Guide 24 Footnotes in Text 25 Current Anthropology Style Guide 3 Treatment of Numbers and Math Contents General Style for Numbers 3 Ordinal Numbers 3 Fractions 3 Percentages 3 Statistics, Decimals, and Zeros 4 Currency 4 Metric Measurements 4 General Style for Numbers • Spell out numbers under 10, except before a unit of measure.

House Style Guide Arkansas Supreme Court Arkansas Court of Appeals Susan P. Williams Reporter of Decisions Tina Huddleson Deputy Reporter of Decisions September 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ii OPINION FORMAT AND STYLE . 1 1.1 General Opinion Formatting Conventions . 1 1.2 Case Caption, Docket Number, Opinion Date . 3 1.3 Authoring Justices and Judges . 4 1.4 Introduction of Abbreviated Names and Acronyms . 5 1.5 “Em” Dashes, “En” Dashes, and Hyphens . 5 1.6 Quotations . 6 CITATION OF ARKANSAS-SPECIFIC SOURCES . 10 2.1 Cases . 10 2.2 Special Citation Forms for Other Court Opinions . 12 2.3 Arkansas Constitution

ACS Style Guide: WHAT IS IT? ACS Style Refers to the Citation Format of the American Chemical Society Which Includes Over More Than 50 Journals

Introduction to ACS Style (American Chemical Society) ACS Style Guide: WHAT IS IT? ACS Style refers to the citation format of the American Chemical Society which includes over more than 50 journals. ACS style guide represents best practices within the field of chemistry. This citation style guide is based on the 3rd edition of The ACS Style Guideline: Effective Communication of Scientific Communication. MANUSCRIPT FORMATTING: ACS recommend the following manuscript formatting: • ACS style focuses more on precision and unambiguous writing. Sentences need to have a clear meaning that easily flows from one to the next. If not, misinterpretations might confuse the reader. • The style recommended by the ACS is taken from already established sources such as The Chicago Manual of Style, Words into Type and the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling Grammar, Punctuation and Spelling are covered in Chapter 9 of the ACS Style Guidelines, pp. 105-134. • Subject Verb agreement – The subject and its verb have to agree in number. For instance, two singular subjects joined by “and” must use a plural verb, unless the plural form of the subject is used in singular effect which then uses a singular verb. o Ex: Growth and isolation of M13 virus were described. (plural verb) o Ex: Research and development is attracting a growing number of young scientists. (singular verb) • Awkward Omissions of Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs – All subjects within a compound sentence must use the proper verb and auxiliary verb. o Ex: The eluant was added to the column, and the samples were collected in 10 mL increments.

IEEE Computer Society Style Guide REFERENCE LIST References are listed in the order they appear in the text, not in alphabetical order. PRINT JOURNAL ARTICLE [1] J.J. Garcia Adeva and R. Calvo, “Mining Text with Pimiento,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 10, no. 4, 2006, pp. 27-35. ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE BASED ON PRINT [2] J.J. Garcia Adeva and R. Calvo, “Mining Text with Pimiento,” IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 10, no. 4, 2006, pp. 27-35. ONLINE ARTICLE, NO PRINT VERSION [3] D. Ferrucci and A. Lally, “Building an Example Application with the Unstructured Information Management Architecture,” IBM Systems Journal, vol. 43, no. 3, 2004; www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/433/ferrucci.html. WEBSITE [4] Vaughan Memorial Library, Acadia University, “New Vaughan Memorial Library Website,” 2006; http://library.acadiau.ca/. BOOK BY INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR [5] E.R. Harold, Effective XML: 50 Specific Ways to Improve Your XML, Addison-Wesley, 2004. ELECTRONIC BOOK BASED ON PRINT [6] E. Westermann, Learn XML in a Weekend, Premier Press, 2000. BOOK BY CORPORATE AUTHOR [7] Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commerical Buildings, 3rd ed, IEEE, 2005. LATER EDITION OF A BOOK [8] J.G. Paradis and M.L. Zimmerman, The MIT Guide to Science and Engineering Communication, 2nd ed, MIT Press, 2002. EDITED BOOK [9] C. Seale et al., eds., Qualitative Research Practice, Sage, 2004. * If there are more than three authors you use et al. after the first author’s name. ARTICLES/CHAPTERS IN A BOOK [10] M. Ward, “Information and the Engineer,” Information Sources in Engineering, 4th ed., R.A.

THE STYLE GUIDE FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS Presentation is vitally important. This is not because there is any virtue in following rules for their own sake, but because the rules make sense - an essay or dissertation that is well written and properly laid out will gain your readers' confidence and convey your message to them as efficiently as possible. Getting the presentation right is an essential part of the historian's craft. The rules in this guide should be followed in all class essays and assessed work, as well as in the dissertation or thesis. The standard authority on all matters of presentation and format is Judith Butcher, Copy-editing for Editors, Authors, Publishers, 3rd edn, (Cambridge, 1992), and the MHRA Style Guide (2002), of which there is a copy in the Graduate Programme Office. The MHRA Style Guide can also be accessed at http://www.mhra.org.uk/Publications/Books/StyleGuide/. A FORMAT a) The thesis should be typed (or printed), on A4 paper, on one side only. b) There should be a 4cm (1½-inch) margin at the left-hand side of the page, and an adequate margin on the other three edges. c) Spacing: The text of your essay should be double-spaced. The footnotes (or endnotes) should however be single-spaced. d) Indentation: Except for the very first paragraph under a new heading, the first line of every paragraph should be indented. You do not need to add extra spacing between paragraphs: the indentation alone tells the reader that you have begun a new paragraph. e) Pagination: Number each page of your essay.

Baylor University Institute for Oral History Style Guide: A Quick Reference for Editing Oral History Transcripts © Baylor University Institute for Oral History © 2018 by Baylor University Institute for Oral History Permission is granted to download, print, or duplicate this document for educational purposes only. To inquire about any other use, please contact: Baylor University Institute for Oral History One Bear Place #97271 Waco, TX 76798-7271 Phone: 01-254-710-3437 Email: [email protected] *We would love to hear from parties that use this style guide. Please drop us a line and tell us about your transcribing project, and let us know if you have any comments, questions, or suggestions regarding the guide. Baylor University Institute for Oral History Style Guide: A Quick Reference for Editing Oral Memoirs TRANSCRIBING THE SPOKEN WORD—INTRODUCTION Transcribing oral histories is not for the faint of heart. To beginners it seems like a straightforward task, but it doesn’t take long to discover how different the spoken language is from the written language. Trying to translate the former into the latter is a messy business. Individuals bring their own background and experience to interviews and thus their own unique way of putting together words and sounds to get across what they want to say. Each interview presents a new set of challenges for the transcriber and editor. What we’ve compiled here are guidelines to help us keep our oral history transcripts consistent and professional looking. We want interviewees to know that we value the time they set aside for their interviews and that we take great care with their words.

Supreme Court of Ohio Writing Manual Is the First Comprehensive Guide to Judicial Opinion Writing Published by the Court for Its Use

T S C of O WRITING MANUAL A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing effective july 1, 2013 second edition Published for the Supreme Court of Ohio WRITING MANUAL A Guide to Citations, Style, and Judicial Opinion Writing MAUREEN O’CONNOR Chief Justice SHARON L. KENNEDY PATRICK F. FISCHER R. PATRICK DeWINE MICHAEL P. DONNELLY MELODY J. STEWART JENNIFER BRUNNER Justices STEPHANIE E. HESS Interim administrative Director The Supreme Court of Ohio Style Manual Committee HON. JUDITH ANN LANZINGER JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO Chair HON. TERRENCE O’DONNELL JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO HON. JUDITH L. FRENCH JUSTICE, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO STEVEN C. HOLLON ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO ARTHUR J. MARZIALE JR., Retired July 31, 2012 DIRECTOR OF LEGAL RESOURCES, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO SANDRA H. GROSKO REPORTER OF DECISIONS, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO RALPH W. PRESTON, Retired July 31, 2011 REPORTER OF DECISIONS, THE SUPREME COURT OF OHIO MARY BETH BEAZLEY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF LAW AND DIRECTOR OF LEGAL WRITING, MORITZ COLLEGE OF LAW, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY C. MICHAEL WALSH ADMINISTRATOR, NINTH APPELLATE DISTRICT The committee wishes to gratefully acknowledge the invaluable contributions of editor Pam Wynsen of the Reporter’s Office, as well as the excellent formatting assistance of John VanNorman, Policy and Research Counsel to the Administrative Director. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE. ix